200,000 years
8 million years
300 million years
1.4 billion years

2. What is an ecotone?

a distinctive species of an ecological community
vertical layers of habitat
the zone where two different ecological communities meet
a measure of the health of an ecosystem

3. What is the most typical forest community of central Virginia?

heath – pine
pine – beech
oak – hemlock
oak – hickory

4. Which of these plants is not known as good material for making cordage?

dogbane
goldenrod
nettles
basswood

5. Which of these is not a component of habitat?

food
shelter
space
species

6. Which of these is not an appropriate technique for walking in the woods?

rolling from the outside of the foot to the inside with each step
lifting the calf and foot with each step
keeping the hands on the waist and still
carrying the body erect

7. Could you give someone directions to your home without relying on roads, towns, or other human created landmarks?

yes
no

8. In Virginia when is the sun directly overhead?

noon everyday
noon on summer solstice
noon most of June and July
never

9. What native people lived in Virginia’s piedmont in 1607?

Cherokee
Monacan
Pamunkey
Powhatan

10. The Mattaponi Indians are a member of what larger Indian family group?

Algonquian
Iroquoian
Muskogeean
Siouan

11. Which species never inhabited Virginia?

bison
elk
grizzly bear
passenger pigeon

12. What does “riparian” mean?

forested
dependent upon pollination for survival
high altitude habitat
near a body of water

13. Can you name five native wild edible plants of your area?

yes
no

14. What is a calyx?

a flat-topped flower cluster
a segment of a flower
a wind dispersed seed
the seed of a berry

15. What is the function of a tree’s xylem?

to transport nutrients down its trunk
to transport water up its trunk
to produce chlorophyll
to produce oxygen

16. Can you name the current phase of the moon?

yes
no